Chapter 2: Vitamins: Fat-Soluble vs Water-Soluble

Vitamins split into two groups, and the difference matters for safety. Fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) are stored in the body, so overdosing is a genuine risk, especially with liver or kidney disease. Water-soluble vitamins (B-complex, C) are excreted more readily, but that does not mean unlimited amounts are safe. In Malaysia's climate, kibble stored in humid kitchen conditions can lose vitamin potency over time, so buy smaller bags and seal them well. Cats and dogs on balanced commercial diets rarely need vitamin pills. Home-cooked diets are a common reason vets here see deficiencies, particularly B vitamins and vitamin E. Never add human multivitamin tablets; formulations and doses differ greatly. If your vet prescribes a vitamin, follow the label exactly and store it away from heat and moisture.